Bluetongue Virus (BTV) Infection in Ruminants

Bluetongue (BTV) is an insect borne viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants, especially sheep. The name refers to the blue discoloration of the tongue and mucous membranes, due to cyanosis, which is sometimes seen in cases of the disease.

BTV was first described in South Africa in 1876. It was believed to be confined to Africa but in recent decades has spread to parts of Asia, the Southern United States, Australia and Southern Europe. The current epidemic in Northern Europe started in the Netherlands in 2006. According to the Office International des Epizooties (OIE), BTV is classified as an OIE list A disease and is therefore notifiable.

For information about BTV in cattle and sheep please follow the links in the left navigation menu.